Back to Compounds

Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/23:0) (FDB028562)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2011-09-21 01:41:37 UTC
Update date2015-07-21 06:59:28 UTC
Primary IDFDB028562
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameGanglioside GM1 (d18:1/23:0)
DescriptionGanglioside GM1 (d18:1/23:0) is a ganglioside. Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events. It appears that they concentrate in lipid rafts. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders.[1] Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. NB: the M in GM2 stands for monosialo, i.e., one NeuNAc residue. GM2 is the second monosialo ganglioside characterized, thus the subscript 2. Their structural diversity results from variation in the composition and sequence of the sugar residues. In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. [Wikipedia] Particularly, Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/23:0) is a GM1 Ganglioside. GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside), the prototype ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which contain one sialic acid residue. GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain. Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both Cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea).[1][2] Antibodies to GM1 are increased in Guillain-Barre syndrome, dementia and lupus but their function is not clear.[3] There is some evidence to suggest these antibodies are associated with diarrhea in Guillain-Barre syndrome.[4] Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. [HMDB]
CAS NumberNot Available
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
SynonymSource
Not AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.064 g/LALOGPS
logP3.13ALOGPS
logP5.22ChemAxon
logS-4.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.82ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count31ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count19ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area528.55 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count58ChemAxon
Refractivity400.84 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability180.27 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC79H142N2O31
IUPAC name(2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-tricosanamidooctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C79H142N2O31/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-25-27-29-31-33-35-37-39-59(92)81-51(52(89)38-36-34-32-30-28-26-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)47-103-75-67(99)65(97)70(57(45-85)106-75)109-77-68(100)73(112-79(78(101)102)41-53(90)60(80-49(4)88)72(111-79)61(93)54(91)42-82)71(58(46-86)107-77)110-74-50(40-48(3)87)69(63(95)56(44-84)104-74)108-76-66(98)64(96)62(94)55(43-83)105-76/h36,38,50-58,60-77,82-86,89-91,93-100H,5-35,37,39-47H2,1-4H3,(H,80,88)(H,81,92)(H,101,102)/t50-,51+,52-,53+,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,60-,61-,62+,63+,64+,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70-,71+,72?,73-,74+,75-,76+,77+,79+/m1/s1
InChI KeyRLQDORSASYKBNB-NCTVWYLDSA-N
Isomeric SMILES[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)C1O[C@@](C[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])NC(C)=O)(O[C@]1([H])[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O[C@]2([H])[C@@]([H])(CO)O[C@@]([H])(OC[C@]([H])(NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)C=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]2([H])O)O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]1([H])O[C@]1([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O[C@]2([H])O[C@]([H])(CO)[C@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]2([H])O)[C@@]1([H])CC(C)=O)C(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight1615.9676
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1614.959655836
Classification
ClassificationNot classified
Ontology
OntologyNo ontology term
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionNot Available
Melting PointNot Available
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water SolubilityNot Available
Experimental logPNot Available
Experimental pKaNot Available
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
SpectraNot Available
ChemSpider IDNot Available
ChEMBL IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
Pubchem Compound ID53481169
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB11893
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDNot Available
EAFUS IDNot Available
Dr. Duke IDNot Available
BIGG IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
HET IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDNot Available
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDNot Available
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / BioactivitiesNot Available
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Ganglioside GM2 activatorGM2AP17900
N-acetylglucosaminyl-phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylasePIGLQ9Y2B2
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit QPIGQQ9BRB3
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit APIGAP37287
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit HPIGHQ14442
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit PPIGPP57054
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit CPIGCQ92535
T-cell surface glycoprotein CD1e, membrane-associatedCD1EP15812
Epididymal secretory protein E1NPC2P61916
Antigen-presenting glycoprotein CD1dCD1DP15813
GPI mannosyltransferase 1PIGMQ9H3S5
Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class W proteinPIGWQ7Z7B1
Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class X proteinPIGXQ8TBF5
GPI mannosyltransferase 4PIGZQ86VD9
Lactosylceramide 1,3-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyltransferaseB3GNT5Q9BYG0
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 5B3GALT5Q9Y2C3
GPI mannosyltransferase 3PIGBQ92521
Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F proteinPIGFQ07326
GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 2PIGGQ5H8A4
GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1PIGNO95427
GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 3PIGOQ8TEQ8
GPI transamidase component PIG-SPIGSQ96S52
GPI transamidase component PIG-TPIGTQ969N2
Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class U proteinPIGUQ9H490
GPI mannosyltransferase 2PIGVQ9NUD9
Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit YPIGYQ3MUY2
Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidaseGBA2Q9HCG7
GPI-anchor transamidasePIGKQ92643
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4B3GALT4O96024
Alpha-N-acetylneuraminide alpha-2,8-sialyltransferaseST8SIA1Q92185
Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferaseST3GAL5Q9UNP4
Sialidase-3NEU3Q9UQ49
PathwaysNot Available
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
FlavoursNot Available
Files
MSDSNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference