AFCDB: L-Cystine (FDB012563)

Record Information

Version

1.0

Creation date

2010-04-08 22:10:14 UTC

Update date

2019-11-26 03:07:05 UTC

Primary ID

FDB012563

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Chemical Information

FooDB Name

L-Cystine

Description

Flavouring ingredient; dietary supplement Cystine is an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine. It is formed by linking two cysteine residues via a disulfide bond (cys-S-S-cys) between the -SH groups. Cystine is found in high concentrations in the cells of the immune system, skeletal and connective tissues, skin, digestive enzymes, and in hair. Hair and skin are 10-14% cystine. Cystine is the preferred form of cysteine for the synthesis of glutathione in cells involved in the immune function including macrophages and astrocytes. Lymphocytes and neurons prefer cysteine for glutathione production. Optimizing glutathione levels in macrophages and astrocytes with cystine allows these cells to provide cysteine to lymphocytes and neurons directly upon demand. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystine); Cystine is the amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine molecules to give a disulfide bond. This organosulfur compound has the formula (SCH2CH(NH2)CO2H)2. It is a colorless solid, and melts at 247-249 °C. It was discovered in 1810 by William Hyde Wollaston but was not recognized as being derived of proteins until it was isolated from the horn of a cow in 1899. Through formation of disulfide bonds within and between protein molecules, cystine is a significant determinant of the tertiary structure of most proteins. Disulfide bonding, along with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions is partially responsible for the formation of the gluten matrix in bread. Human hair contains approximately 5% cystine by mass.; L-Cystine is a covalently linked dimeric nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine. Two molecules of cysteine are joined together by a disulfide bridge to form cystine. Cystine is a chemical substance which naturally occurs as a deposit in the urine, and can form a calculus (hard mineral formation) when deposited in the kidney. The compound produced when two cysteine molecules linked by a disulfide (S-S) bond. Cystine is required for proper vitamin B6 utilization and is also helpful in the healing of burns and wounds, breaking down mucus deposits in illnesses such as bronchitis as well as cystic fibrosis. Cysteine also assists in the supply of insulin to the pancreas, which is needed for the assimilation of sugars and starches. It increases the level of glutathione in the lungs, liver, kidneys and bone marrow, and this may have an anti-aging effect on the body by reducing age-spots etc.

CAS Number

56-89-3

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Synonym	Source
Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	16.8 g/L	ALOGPS
logP	-3.2	ALOGPS
logP	-5.9	ChemAxon
logS	-1.2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	1.56	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	9.34	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	6	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	126.64 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	7	ChemAxon
Refractivity	54.87 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	22.78 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Chemical Formula

C6H12N2O4S2

IUPAC name

2-amino-3-[(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)disulfanyl]propanoic acid

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H12N2O4S2/c7-3(5(9)10)1-13-14-2-4(8)6(11)12/h3-4H,1-2,7-8H2,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)

InChI Key

LEVWYRKDKASIDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Isomeric SMILES

NC(CSSCC(N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Average Molecular Weight

240.3

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

240.023848262

Classification

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cysteine and derivatives. Cysteine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct Parent

Cysteine and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Cysteine or derivatives
Alpha-amino acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Organic disulfide
Dialkyldisulfide
Amino acid
Sulfenyl compound
Carboxylic acid
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organic nitrogen compound
Primary amine
Organosulfur compound
Organooxygen compound
Organonitrogen compound
Primary aliphatic amine
Organic oxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Amine
Organopnictogen compound
Organic oxide
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

organic disulfide (CHEBI:17376 )
sulfur-containing amino acid (CHEBI:17376 )
cysteine derivative (CHEBI:17376 )
Other amino acids (C01420 )

Ontology

No ontology term

Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental

Property	Value	Reference
Physical state	Solid
Physical Description	Not Available
Mass Composition	C 29.99%; H 5.03%; N 11.66%; O 26.63%; S 26.69%	DFC
Melting Point	Mp 258-261 dec. (sealed tube)	DFC
Boiling Point	Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility	0.19 mg/mL at 20 oC	YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
Experimental logP	-5.08	CHMELIK,J ET AL. (1991)
Experimental pKa	pKa4 9.85 (25°)	DFC
Isoelectric point	Not Available
Charge	Not Available
Optical Rotation	[a]25D -232 (c, 1 in 5M HCl)	DFC
Spectroscopic UV Data	Not Available
Density	Not Available
Refractive Index	Not Available

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-0076-9400000000-211575093fd775db5d54	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TBDMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TBDMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TBDMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	L-Cystine, TBDMS_2_5, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 45V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-5a19ff734bcd40869a90	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-9000000000-f59312e083a13b438d24	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positive	splash10-0fdo-0950000000-805d319cf0d591a73f26	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-9200000000-c671d73afcd513c5f579	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-00di-2920000000-8bbb4d9d7ea853a3968f	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-9800000000-96dafa6ed3a089cd2a6b	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-0090000000-97841ddffa4f9c8109cc	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0uk9-0910000000-2afc11982fb1e54797db	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-9200000000-521b9de09d2b76e2d3a6	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-9200000000-fbe5de2392c3629cda63	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-6900000000-ecb2c797fa6600585c12	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 15V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0900000000-95281edec090a6e3b32e	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positive	splash10-00di-6900000000-092623bba64f1a680b6e	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0006-0190000000-aefee0a8da5c67031ce6	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00di-0900000000-a20ed3fd8e00af868afe	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positive	splash10-0fk9-0910000000-73da277f33c111c3a874	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 25V, Positive	splash10-0006-0590000000-410c43323c087232d5c8	2021-09-20	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-006w-2970000000-b80e0aef184b74ce7a36	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00re-4910000000-a09277c5a6bfc432eb79	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-00xu-9600000000-0518bfcaab380952c123	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-000i-3590000000-aa667d3c092c5af3ae7f	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-00xr-5910000000-122bd251359ca80b184c	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-00dr-9300000000-bbb14e684ff7c06e7916	2016-08-03	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0006-0290000000-5af87c1786d67d2ad355	2021-10-12	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-00di-6900000000-f31d147cecd4c3a4d2eb	2021-10-12	View Spectrum

NMR

Not Available

External Links

ChemSpider ID

ChEMBL ID

KEGG Compound ID

Pubchem Compound ID

Pubchem Substance ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

16283

Phenol-Explorer ID

Not Available

DrugBank ID

DB00138

HMDB ID

HMDB00192

CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID

EAFUS ID

Dr. Duke ID

BIGG ID

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

HET ID

Not Available

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

Not Available

Flavornet ID

Not Available

GoodScent ID

Not Available

SuperScent ID

Not Available

Wikipedia ID

Cystine

Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID

Not Available

Duplicate IDS

Not Available

Old DFC IDS

Not Available

Associated Foods

Food	Content Range	Average	Reference
Food			Reference

Biological Effects and Interactions

Health Effects / Bioactivities

Descriptor	ID	Definition	Reference
adjuvant	60809	Any pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents such as drugs or vaccines while having few if any direct effects when given by itself.	DUKE
anti homocystinuric			DUKE

Enzymes

Name	Gene Name	UniProt ID
Cystathionine gamma-lyase	CTH	P32929

Pathways

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Biosynthesis

Not Available

Organoleptic Properties

Flavours

Not Available

Files

MSDS

show

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

General Reference

Not Available

Content Reference

— Saxholt, E., et al. 'Danish food composition databank, revision 7.' Department of Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (2008).
— U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2008. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 21. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page.
— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).

L-Cystine (FDB012563)

Structure for FDB012563 (L-Cystine)