| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Creation date | 2010-04-08 22:06:08 UTC |
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| Update date | 2019-11-26 02:59:53 UTC |
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| Primary ID | FDB004217 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Chemical Information |
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| FooDB Name | Ergothioneine |
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| Description | A naturally occurring metabolite of histidine that has antioxidant properties. -- Pubchem. Ergothioneine is a product of plant origin that accumulates in animal tissues. Ergothioneine is biosynthesized exclusively by fungi and mycobacteria and is captured by plants through their roots. As an ingredient of human food, ET is distributed very unevenly. By far, the highest levels of Ergothioneine have been found in mushrooms (0.1-1 mg/g dried material). Ergothioneine is rapidly cleared from the circulation and then avidly retained with minimal metabolism: the whole-body half-life of ingested Ergothioneine in rats is 1 month. The content of Ergothioneine varies greatly among tissues and is strongly dependent on its dietary level. In addition to erythrocytes and bone marrow, high Ergothioneine levels have also been found in seminal fluid. The precise physiological role of ET has remained elusive since its discovery in 1909. It is known that Ergothioneine is a powerful scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and an inhibitor of iron or copper ion-dependent generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A specific ergothioneine transporter has recently been identified (gene symbol SLC22A4 - PMID: 15795384). Ergothioneine appears to play a pivotal protective role in monocytes, because the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease has very recently been linked to variant ergothioneine transporter genes (PMID: 15795384). SLC22A4 is highly expressed in the kidney, where it is thought to aid in active secretion of organic cations, and may facilitate the active reabsorption of ergothioneine. |
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| CAS Number | 497-30-3 |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Synonym | Source |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| Chemical Formula | C9H16N3O2S |
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| IUPAC name | [1-carboxy-2-(2-sulfanyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]trimethylazanium |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H15N3O2S/c1-12(2,3)7(8(13)14)4-6-5-10-9(15)11-6/h5,7H,4H2,1-3H3,(H2-,10,11,13,14,15)/p+1 |
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| InChI Key | SSISHJJTAXXQAX-UHFFFAOYSA-O |
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| Isomeric SMILES | C[N+](C)(C)C(CC1=CNC(=S)N1)C(O)=O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 230.307 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 230.096322461 |
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| Classification |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as histidine and derivatives. Histidine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Histidine and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Histidine or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- Aralkylamine
- Imidazole-2-thione
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Quaternary ammonium salt
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Tetraalkylammonium salt
- Thiourea
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic salt
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic cation
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Foods | Fruits and vegetables: |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties |
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| Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Physical state | Solid | |
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| Physical Description | Not Available | |
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| Mass Composition | Not Available | |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | |
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| Boiling Point | Not Available | |
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| Experimental Water Solubility | Not Available | |
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| Experimental logP | Not Available | |
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| Experimental pKa | Not Available | |
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| Isoelectric point | Not Available | |
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| Charge | Not Available | |
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| Optical Rotation | Not Available | |
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| Spectroscopic UV Data | Not Available | |
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| Density | Not Available | |
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| Refractive Index | Not Available | |
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| Spectra |
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| Spectra | Not Available |
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| External Links |
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| ChemSpider ID | 4508619 |
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| ChEMBL ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C05570 |
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| Pubchem Compound ID | 5351619 |
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| Pubchem Substance ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer ID | Not Available |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB03045 |
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| CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) ID | Not Available |
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| EAFUS ID | Not Available |
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| Dr. Duke ID | ERGOTHIONEINE |
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| BIGG ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| HET ID | Not Available |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| Flavornet ID | Not Available |
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| GoodScent ID | Not Available |
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| SuperScent ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol-Explorer Metabolite ID | Not Available |
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| Duplicate IDS | Not Available |
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| Old DFC IDS | Not Available |
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| Associated Foods |
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| Food | Content Range | Average | Reference |
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| Food | | | Reference |
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| Biological Effects and Interactions |
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| Health Effects / Bioactivities | | Descriptor | ID | Definition | Reference |
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| antioxidant | 22586 | A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted antioxidant food additives are from E 300 to E 324. | CHEBI |
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| Enzymes | Not Available |
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| Pathways | Not Available |
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| Metabolism | Not Available |
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| Biosynthesis | Not Available |
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| Organoleptic Properties |
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| Flavours | Not Available |
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| Files |
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| MSDS | show |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| General Reference | Not Available |
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| Content Reference | — Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
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