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Tyramine (FDB000433)

Record Information
Version1.0
Creation date2010-04-08 22:04:34 UTC
Update date2020-09-17 15:42:26 UTC
Primary IDFDB000433
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Chemical Information
FooDB NameTyramine
DescriptionTyramine is a monoamine compound derived from the amino acid tyrosine. It is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Tyramine is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. In foods, it is often produced by the decarboxylation of tyrosine during fermentation or decay. Foods containing considerable amounts of tyramine include fish (herring), chocolate, alcoholic beverages, cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, sauerkraut, and processed meat. Tyramine in the blood or urine is often considered as a biomarker for the consumption of cheese. A large dietary intake of tyramine can cause an increase in systolic blood pressure of 30 mmHg or more and induce migraine headaches (PMID: 27424325). The tyramine connection to hypertensive episodes was discovered by a British pharmacist whose wife was taking an monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). He noticed that every time they had a meal with cheese, she would get a severe headache (PMID: 19742203). Tyramine acts as a neurotransmitter via a G protein-coupled receptor called TA1, which has a high affinity for tyramine. The TA1 receptor is found in the brain as well as peripheral tissues including the kidney. As an indirect sympathomimetic compound, tyramine can also serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase, so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. Tyramine also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals.
CAS Number51-67-2
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
SynonymSource
Not AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility5.72 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.14ALOGPS
logP0.68ChemAxon
logS-1.4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.41ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.66ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area46.25 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity41.27 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability15.33 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Chemical FormulaC8H11NO
IUPAC name4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol
InChI IdentifierInChI=1S/C8H11NO/c9-6-5-7-1-3-8(10)4-2-7/h1-4,10H,5-6,9H2
InChI KeyDZGWFCGJZKJUFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILESNCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1
Average Molecular Weight137.179
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight137.084063979
Classification
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenethylamines. Phenethylamines are compounds containing a phenethylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an ethan-1-amine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassPhenethylamines
Direct ParentPhenethylamines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenethylamine
  • 2-arylethylamine
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Aralkylamine
  • Phenol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
OntologyNo ontology term
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
Physico-Chemical Properties - Experimental
PropertyValueReference
Physical stateSolid
Physical DescriptionNot Available
Mass CompositionC 70.04%; H 8.08%; N 10.21%; O 11.66%DFC
Melting PointMp 164-164.5° (161°)DFC
Boiling PointNot Available
Experimental Water Solubility10.4 mg/mL at 15 oCYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
Experimental logPNot Available
Experimental pKapKa2 10.9 (25°)DFC
Isoelectric pointNot Available
ChargeNot Available
Optical RotationNot Available
Spectroscopic UV DataNot Available
DensityNot Available
Refractive IndexNot Available
Spectra
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
EI-MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-053r-9500000000-6deb2b5d214f768ca4482014-09-20View Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-273503edc6a220e152b6Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-80980d19fa83d4b86f91Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, 3 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9700000000-78d2ae48da1eee18358eSpectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-9200000000-50c21473a7d48011358cSpectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-1900000000-9b1000a8978b57919c35Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-273503edc6a220e152b6Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-80980d19fa83d4b86f91Spectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9700000000-78d2ae48da1eee18358eSpectrum
GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-2900000000-69892c95ab2778a208b3Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9600000000-1d5276a762318a00832dSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fk9-7900000000-8f3b164f36bc5a4df4d7Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSTyramine, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - , negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-066947a256844eb6cbdc2017-09-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Negativesplash10-000i-0900000000-4b0f190d7304f2cec82d2021-09-20View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0900000000-2feedb2abf4fe54134522021-09-20View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-052r-0900000000-e67940e0a4f0f1b565c42021-09-20View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-00lr-9400000000-47a2e802a22167ed8a632021-09-20View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-0900000000-3229081a448a277191a22012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-004l-9300000000-e2fc12d41e4c40a9a2962012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-004i-9000000000-92f0b12d0a64443cede82012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (Unknown) , Positivesplash10-001i-9200000000-50c21473a7d48011358c2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-000i-0900000000-d7e9a8705227b4504c5c2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-3f02b334907c40a8315c2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-e98b3afc6fad78d45d382012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-54239e66d89de3096ca82012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0079-0902000000-f09759fc06ef461f3aa52012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-9ffe6ee0ce68182216f72012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-020a5decfb44fc4f97df2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-004i-0930000000-32ccc375e75dbab3195c2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-51c6cc08017f1672b7912012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-1900000000-55c25dd64462c06c53162012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-0f96-9500000000-83a70aec6da00b51a6df2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-004i-9100000000-5f044e831c0d2db255fa2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-004i-9000000000-99edae3913507430bf9f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-00di-4900000000-8944003750ac547c20242012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-00e85becc8cfc59bdb102017-09-14View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positivesplash10-00di-0900000000-58e8539844dcdbc977cc2017-09-14View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
ChemSpider ID5408
ChEMBL IDCHEMBL11608
KEGG Compound IDC00483
Pubchem Compound ID5610
Pubchem Substance IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15760
Phenol-Explorer IDNot Available
DrugBank IDNot Available
HMDB IDHMDB00306
CRC / DFC (Dictionary of Food Compounds) IDBCB62-V:BCB62-V
EAFUS ID3788
Dr. Duke IDTYRAMINE
BIGG ID35110
KNApSAcK IDC00001435
HET IDAEF
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
Flavornet IDNot Available
GoodScent IDrw1051461
SuperScent IDNot Available
Wikipedia IDTyramine
Phenol-Explorer Metabolite IDNot Available
Duplicate IDSNot Available
Old DFC IDSNot Available
Associated Foods
FoodContent Range AverageReference
FoodReference
Biological Effects and Interactions
Health Effects / Bioactivities
DescriptorIDDefinitionReference
adrenergic37962 Any agent that acts on an adrenergic receptor or affects the life cycle of an adrenergic transmitter.DUKE
anti aggregantDUKE
cardiovascular38070 A drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.DUKE
hypertensiveDUKE
insectifuge24852 Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.DUKE
neurotoxic50910 A poison that interferes with the functions of the nervous system.DUKE
pesticide25944 Strictly, a substance intended to kill pests. In common usage, any substance used for controlling, preventing, or destroying animal, microbiological or plant pests.DUKE
sympathomimetic35524 A drug that mimics the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included in this class are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters.DUKE
vasoconstrictor50514 Drug used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.DUKE
vasopressorDUKE
anti cholinesterase37733 An EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).CHEBI
neurotransmitter25512 An endogenous compound that is used to transmit information across the synapse between a neuron and another cell.CHEBI
Enzymes
NameGene NameUniProt ID
Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylaseDDCP20711
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorADRA2AP08913
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorADRA2BP18089
Pathways
NameSMPDB LinkKEGG Link
Tyrosine MetabolismSMP00006 map00350
MetabolismNot Available
BiosynthesisNot Available
Organoleptic Properties
Flavours
FlavorCitations
mild
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
meaty
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
dirty
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
cooked
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
phenolic
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
rubbery
  1. The Good Scents Company (2009). Flavor and fragrance information catalog. <http://www.thegoodscentscompany.com/allprod.html> Accessed 15.10.23.
Files
MSDSshow
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
General ReferenceNot Available
Content Reference— Duke, James. 'Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. United States Department of Agriculture.' Agricultural Research Service, Accessed April 27 (2004).
— Shinbo, Y., et al. 'KNApSAcK: a comprehensive species-metabolite relationship database.' Plant Metabolomics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. 165-181.